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Water injection
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Water injection systems are mainly used on turbo-charged engines. It works similarly to a fuel injection system only it injects water instead of fuel. In high pressure turbo-charged engines the air/fuel mixture that enters the cylinders can explode prematurely due to the extreme conditions. This situation results in severe engine damage in the long run (piston piercing). To avoid this, water is injected in the combustion chambers, usually through the intercooler, in order to provide a water/air/fuel mixture which not only burns more efficiently but also provides additional cylinder and piston cooling.
The use of water injection seems to have re-emerged in recent times. APS (sellers of a performance kit for Subaru WRX's) have included it as part of their package and others such as aquamist sell independent kits. There is a great deal of skepticism amongst tuners about the benefits and the effectiveness of water injection. However, some of the manufacturers, such as aquamist, do have some very comprehensive kits that incorporate features such as 3d mapping.
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